The leaders reaffirmed their “ironclad commitment” to NATO’s collective defense clause, Article 5. In recent years, Trump had sowed seeds of doubt about whether the U.S. — NATO’s most powerful member — would come to the aid of any ally under attack.

Much of the annual summit in The Hague seemed catered to the impulses and worldviews of the Republican president.

Ahead of a key NATO summit, President Donald Trump once again raised questions about America’s commitment to defend its allies should they come under attack from outside