Hydrochloric acid added to a carbonic acid buffer solution ... The pH of a buffer solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the equation above. Using the product logarithm rule, ...

The concentration of hydrochloric acid can be increased by adding more hydrochloric acid. When this happens, the equilibrium position moves to the left, away from HCl(aq) in the equation.

As an example, the equilibrium of a weak acid can be represented but the equation below where HA is a weak acid ... Universal indicator is flammable and slightly toxic if ingested. Hydrochloric acid ...