This paper discusses the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), in the case that the true parameter cannot be identified uniquely. Among many statistical models with unidentifiability, ...

Furthermore, we adopted a novel approach using the one-hot encoding method that transforms the 16 different genotypes into ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly artificial neural networks, have proved to be highly promising tools for uncovering patterns in large amounts of data that would otherwise be ...

Deep learning methods such as multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to predict the complex traits ...

The CNN model achieved the highest genomic prediction accuracy for swine traits when using SNP sets comprising 1,000 markers. A novel one-hot encoding strategy representing 16 genotypes with eight ...