The process of health care reform demands cost-efficient modes of delivering optimal care. The choice of management site (intensive care unit, step-down unit, or general medical ward) therefore ...

Despite these losses, the increased delivery of potassium to the ECF from the intracellular space usually causes the serum concentration of potassium to be normal and, in some cases, high. This ...

When cells cannot access glucose as an energy source, the body turns to alternative fuels, such as fat. This process produces substances known as ketones, which can accumulate in blood and urine. In ...

The therapeutic goals for treatment of hyperglycemic crises in diabetes consist of 1) improving circulatory volume and tissue perfusion, 2) decreasing serum glucose and plasma osmolality toward normal ...