Oxygen played a key role in the evolution of complex organisms, according to new research published in BMC Evolutionary Biology. The study shows that the complexity of life forms increased earlier ...

Earth’s first rise in atmospheric oxygen between about 2.43 billion and 2.1 billion years ago fundamentally transformed the atmosphere and oceans, setting the foundation for the evolution of complex ...

How Earth's atmosphere transformed from oxygen-poor to oxygen-rich over a span of about two billion years has been revealed by an international team of researchers. Dr. Matthew Dodd, from The ...

The Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural sciences, health sciences, applied sciences and social sciences, according to their ...