The Earth receives a continuous influx of energy from the Sun. Some of this energy is absorbed at the Earth’s surface or by the atmosphere, while some is reflected back to space. At the same time, the ...
Carbon dioxide gets most of the attention when people talk about climate change, and for good reason. Carbon dioxide ...
Researchers have pioneered an innovative method using helioseismology to measure the solar radiative opacity under extreme conditions. This groundbreaking work not only reveals gaps in our ...
Radiative forcing operates on all timescales over Earth’s history (Ruddiman, 2001). This includes (1) geological timescales (tens of millions of years) over which the output of the Sun, concentrations ...