As the THz channel exhibits unique features including high propagation loss, sparsity, and near-field properties (with ultramassive multiple-input multiple-output systems), deterministic ray-tracing ...

Sionna™ is a GPU-accelerated open-source library for link-level simulations based on TensorFlow. Since release v0.14 it integrates a differentiable ray tracer (RT) for the simulation of radio wave ...

With path tracing, however, each ray bounces around the scene, interacting with everything from walls and windows to floors and even dust, until it fades out.