In his book, “Culture and Customs of Rwanda,” Julius O. Adekunle writes: “Like the Germans, the Belgians intensified and institutionalized Tutsi authority over the Hutu and Twa. … ...

Rwandans and friends of Rwanda on Friday, July 4 mark the 31st anniversary of liberation (Kwibohora31), celebrating the ...

In Rwanda, the Tutsi refugees including the previous powerholders who fled during the anti-monarchy revolution attempted to return militarily, launching guerrilla attacks from Burundi and Uganda ...

Seven years after more than 500,000 Tutsi were massacred in Rwanda, the world still cannot explain why. ... According to Mamdani, the "Social Revolution" of 1959 that preceded independence -- in which ...

1959 social revolution: Rwanda, under Belgian trusteeship since 1922, is the scene of attacks against the Tutsi ethnic group and their property by the Hutu ethnic majority.

Hutu resentment of the Tutsi bubbled to the surface in the form of a social revolution by the 1950s. Hutus, forming the majority of the population, won preindependence elections in 1961, fueling ...

This was contrary to the views of proponents of the 1959 revolution. The image of the new regime was turnished by divisionism and violence. Splits and continuities in social regression went on.

Social and Political Impact in the 100 Days of ... In Rwanda, everybody speaks the same language called Kinyarwanda. The majority of Rwandans, where I lived in ... Tutsi houses had been ...

And both before and during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, this was the case in Rwanda. ... "The Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu Ideology, ...

The Tutsi residents of the village of Jabiro, which occupies the spine of a hill in the Muhanga District in Rwanda’s southwest, had heard rumors about bands of men coming from the capital, Kigali.

In 1959, the "social revolution" erupted in Rwanda, as Hutu resentment boiled over into violence against Tutsis. Hundreds of thousands of Tutsis, including the two-year-old Paul Kagame, were ...