The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process; thus ...

These men and women are fighting a common enemy: COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Their lungs don't work normally…every breath taken can be a struggle. What do they believe to be ...

With the earlier definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients were essentially defined as having either chronic bronchitis or emphysema, with emphysema classified as a ...