The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work.

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is the premier reference work in philosophy, and covers an enormous range of philosophical topics through in-depth entries.

Initially, the SEP was developed with U.S. public funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation. A long-term fundraising plan to preserve open …

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyis (as far as we know) the oldest and certainly the largest and most important online encyclopedia of philosophy. It is edited by Edward Zalta and Uri Nodelmanand …

Regarded as one of web’s most reliable reference works, the SEP got its start in 1995 when John Perry, then director of Stanford’s Center for the Study of Language and Information, proposed a static …

metaphysics (Amos Bertolacci) natural philosophy and natural science (Jon McGinnis) philosophy of language and logic (Tony Street and Nadja Germann) philosophy of mathematics (Mohammad Saleh …

Naturalism in Classical Indian Philosophy (Amita Chatterjee) [REVISED: March 11, 2026] Changes are prior to March 21, 2026 (Main text) and are available in Spring 2026 Edition.

Feb 26, 2001 · 8. Philosophy of Religion Hume wrote forcefully and incisively on almost every central question in the philosophy of religion, contributing to ongoing debates about the reliability of reports …

Brentano’s Theory of Judgement [November 22, 2000] Feminist History of Philosophy [November 3, 2000] Aristotle’s Metaphysics [October 8, 2000] Classical Logic [September 16, 2000] The Kochen …

Notice: These archives contain periodically fixed editions of the Encyclopedia which may be used for purposes of citation. The content of these editions is neither updated nor modified in any way once …